Research progress of microglia in the pathophysiological mechanism of intracranial hemorrhage

Abstract

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common cerebrovascular disease. At present, there is still a lack of drugs with definite curative effects for the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage. Microglia is a type of immune cell that specifically exists in the central nervous system. In the acute phase of intracranial hemorrhage, microglia is rapidly activated and can dynamically transform between M1 phenotype (pro ⁃ inflammatory) and M2 phenotype (repair). These two different polarization states suggest that microglia plays a complicated role in the pathophysiological process of secondary neuroinflammation after intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, this is also an important target for exploring drugs for the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage. This article reviews the surface markers of microglia after intracranial hemorrhage, polarization phenotype, phagocytic hematoma, and potential connections with neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, in order to find the possibility of treating intracranial hemorrhage by regulating the function of microglia.

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.02.003